Re-use of binaries for multiple user accounts

ABSTRACT

A computing device has multiple user profiles. While a particular user profile is the currently-active user profile of a computing device, the computing device determines whether a binary that is not associated with the particular user profile is already stored at the computing device. In response to determining that the binary is not already stored at the computing device, the computing device downloads the binary from a computing system other than the computing device and associates the binary with the particular user profile. If the binary is already stored at the computing device, the computing device associates the binary with the particular user profile without downloading the binary again.

This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/716,309, filed Oct. 19, 2012, and U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 61/791,668, filed Mar. 15, 2013, the entirecontents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Mobile computing devices, such as mobile phones and tablet computers,are becoming increasingly powerful and ubiquitous. Software applicationsfor these mobile computing devices are widely available and offerextensive and increasing functionality. As a result, mobile computingdevices are capable of processing a wide variety ofpotentially-sensitive or personal information (e.g., documents, e-mails,and pictures) for display (e.g., on a screen) or otherwise for output toa user.

Certain mobile computing devices can operate in a limited access statethat prevents an unauthorized user from accessing applications andinformation stored by the computing device, thereby effectively“locking” the mobile computing device. For example, some mobilecomputing devices require users to provide specific inputs to lockand/or unlock the computing devices. While the locking techniques canprovide security for information stored by the mobile computing deviceas well as protection from accidental inputs, once the mobile computingdevice is unlocked, the mobile computing device may provide access tothe applications and information stored within the mobile computingdevice to any user who provides the specific input to unlock the mobilecomputing device.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, this disclosure describes a method that comprisesdetermining, by a computing device, whether a binary data set is alreadystored at the computing device. The binary data set is not associatedwith a particular user profile of the computing device, the particularuser profile being a currently-active user profile of the computingdevice. Furthermore, the method comprises, in response to determiningthat the binary data set is not already stored at the computing device,downloading, by the computing device, the binary data set from acomputing system other than the computing device and associating, by thecomputing device, the binary data set with the particular user profile.The method also comprises in response to determining that the binarydata set is already stored at the computing device, associating thebinary data set with the first user profile without downloading thebinary data set.

In another aspect, this disclosure describes a computing device thatcomprises one or more processors configured to determine whether abinary data set is already stored at the computing device. The binarydata set is not associated with a first user profile of the computingdevice but is associated with a second user profile of the computingdevice. The one or more processors are also configured to download, inresponse to determining that the binary data set is not already storedat the computing device, the binary data set from a computing systemother than the computing device and associate the binary data set withthe first user profile. Furthermore, the one or more processors areconfigured to associate, in response to determining that the binary dataset is already stored at the computing device, the binary data set withthe first user profile without downloading the binary data set.

In another aspect, this disclosure describes a computer-readable storagemedium that stores instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a computing device, cause the computing device todetermine, in response to receiving an indication of a user input,whether a binary data set is already stored at the computing device. Thebinary data set is not associated with a first user profile of thecomputing device but is associated with a second user profile of thecomputing device, the first user profile being a currently-active userprofile of the computing device. Furthermore, the instructions cause thecomputing device to download, in response to determining that the binarydata set is not already stored at the computing device, the binary dataset from a computing system other than the computing device andassociate the binary data set with the first user profile. Theinstructions also cause the computing device to associate, in responseto determining that the binary data set is already stored at thecomputing device, the binary data set with the first user profilewithout downloading the binary data set.

One or more examples are set forth in the accompanying drawings and thedescription below. Other features, objects, and advantages will beapparent from the description, drawings, and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example computing devicein accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating example details of the computingdevice of FIG. 1, in accordance with one or more aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of the computingdevice for acquiring a binary, in accordance with one or more aspects ofthis disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of the computingdevice for launching an application, in accordance with one or moreaspects of this disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of the computingdevice, in accordance with one or more aspects of this disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of the computingdevice for deletion of a binary data set, in accordance with one or moreaspects of this disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device thatoutputs data for display at one or more remote devices, in accordancewith one or more techniques of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In general, this disclosure describes techniques for enabling andsupporting multiple user profiles on a mobile computing device.Conventionally, once a user unlocks a mobile computing device, themobile computing device provides access to the applications andinformation stored at the mobile computing device to any user whoprovides the specific input to unlock the device. For example, if twodifferent users share access to the same mobile computing device, eachuser is typically able to access any information or execute anyapplication stored on the computing device or otherwise accessible tothe computing device. For example, if a first user enters a username andpassword for an email account, a second user who uses the device is ableto launch the email application and access the first user's emailaccount and associated emails. As another example, the second user mayaccess and delete information, applications, etc. installed and/orconfigured by the first user.

In accordance with techniques of this disclosure, a mobile computingdevice may be configured with multiple different user profiles, eachuser profile being separate from the other user profiles such that auser associated with a first user profile is prevented from gainingaccess to other users' profiles without providing proper authenticationinformation for the other user profiles. Aspects of this disclosure aredirected to resource management by sharing of resources between multipleusers having different profiles. For example, if an application isdownloaded and installed by a computing device while operating with afirst user profile as the active user profile and the computing devicereceives a command to cause the computing device to download and installthe same application while operating with a second, different, userprofile as the active user profile, techniques of this disclosure mayenable the computing device to bypass the download and installation of asecond copy of the same application. Instead, the computing device maybe configured to create a new set of configuration data and user datawithin the different user profile and enable both users to utilize asame executable binary for the application while neverthelessmaintaining separate user-specific data.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example computing device2 in accordance with one or more techniques of this disclosure.Computing device 2 may be various types of computing devices. Forexample, computing device 2 may be a mobile device, such as a mobiletelephone, a tablet computer, a notebook or laptop computer, a personalmedia player, a portable gaming device, or another type of computingdevice designed for mobility. In other examples, computing device 2 maybe other types of computing devices, such as desktop computers, point ofsale devices, televisions, gambling devices, appliances, in-carcomputers, and other types of computing devices. In other examples,computing device 2 may be one or more processors of a device.

In the example of FIG. 1, computing device 2 includes at least one userinterface (UI) device 4. UI device 4 may display graphical data and maydetect the presence of one or more input objects, such as fingers orstyli. Because UI device 4 may display graphical data and may detect thepresence of one or more input objects, UI device 4 may be referred to asa presence-sensitive display device. UI device 4 may be implementedusing various technologies. For example, UI device 4 may be implementedusing a resistive touchscreen, a surface acoustic wave touchscreen, acapacitive touchscreen, a projective capacitance touchscreen, anacoustic pulse recognition touchscreen, or another touchscreentechnology. In some examples, UI device 4 may be able to detect thepresence of an input object without the input object physically touchingUI device 4.

UI device 4 may be operatively coupled to computing device 2 in variousways. For example, UI device 4 may be integrated into a housing ofcomputing device 2 and may be connected to computing device 2 via one ormore internal connectors. In another example, UI device 4 may beexternal to a housing of computing device 2 and may communicate withcomputing device 2 via one or more external cables and/or communicationnetworks. Although the example of FIG. 1 assumes that UI device 4 is apresence-sensitive display device, the techniques of this disclosure arenot so limited. In other examples, UI device 4 may be a display devicethat does not detect the presence of input objects. In such examples,computing device 2 may receive indications of user input from one ormore input devices other than UI device 4.

As shown in FIG. 1, computing device 2 may include UI module 6. UImodule 6 may perform one or more functions to receive input, such asindications of user input or network data, and send such input to othercomponents associated with computing device 2, such as input module 8.For example, UI module 6 may determine, based on indications of userinput, that a gesture was performed by a user at UI device 4. UI module6 may also receive data from components associated with computing device2, such as input module 8. Using the data, UI module 6 may cause othercomponents associated with computing device 2, such as UI device 4, toprovide output based on the data.

UI module 6 may be implemented in various ways. For example, UI module 6may be implemented as a downloadable or pre-installed application or“app.” In another example, UI module 6 may be implemented as part of ahardware unit of computing device 2. In another example, UI module 6 maybe implemented as part of an operating system of computing device 2.

Computing device 2, in some examples, includes input module 8. Inputmodule 8 may include functionality to perform any variety of operationson computing device 2. For instance, input module 8 may includefunctionality to determine gesture, keyboard, or other user inputs inaccordance with the techniques described herein. Input module 8 may beimplemented in various ways. For example, input module 8 may beimplemented as a downloadable or pre-installed application or “app.” Inanother example, input module 8 may be implemented as part of a hardwareunit of computing device 2. In another example, input module 8 may beimplemented as part of an operating system of computing device 2.

Input module 8 may receive data from components associated withcomputing device 2, such as UI module 6. For instance, input module 8may receive gesture data from UI module 6 that causes input module 8 todetermine one or more actions to perform from the gesture data. Inputmodule 8 may also send data to components associated with computingdevice 2, such as UI module 6. For instance, input module 8 may sendtext determined from the gesture data to UI module 6 that causes UIdevice 4 to display GUIs 14 and 16.

As shown in FIG. 1, GUIs 14 and 16 may be user interfaces generated byUI module 6 that allows a user to interact with computing device 2. GUIs14 and 16 may include graphical content. Graphical content, generally,may include text, images, a group of moving images, etc. Each of GUIs 14and 16 may be associated with a different user profile of computingdevice 2.

User management module 10 may manage one or more user profilesconfigured at computing device 2. For example, user management module 10may create, modify, or delete user profiles configured at computingdevice 2, e.g., responsive to user input received by input module 8. Insome instances, user management module 10 may control access toinformation stored at computing device 2 and associated with varioususer profiles configured at computing device 2 by, for example,authenticating user input received by UI device 4 against storedauthentication information associated with a particular user profile todetermine whether to grant access to the user profile.

In some cases, multiple users may use computing device 2. Respectiveusers may be associated with respective user profiles on computingdevice 2. For example, different members of a family may be associatedwith different user profiles on computing device 2. Each of the userprofiles may be associated with a plurality of binaries. This disclosuremay also refer to a binary as a “binary data set”. In some examples, thebinaries may include instructions that, when executed, configurecomputing device 2 to provide applications (i.e., “apps”). In otherexamples, the binaries may include media resources, such as recordedsongs, recorded videos, electronic books, electronic magazines, and soon.

Computing device 2 may output, for display at UI device 4, differentGUIs for different user profiles. For example, computing device 2 mayoutput, for display at UI device 4, different launcher GUIs fordifferent user profiles of computing device 2. The launcher GUI for auser profile may include graphical elements (e.g., icons) thatcorrespond to applications associated with the user profile, but notapplications that are not associated with the user profile. While UIdevice 4 displays the launcher GUI for the user profile, computingdevice 2 may initiate execution of (i.e., launch) an applicationassociated with the user profile in response to receiving an indicationof a user input that corresponds to a user selection of the graphicalelement that corresponds to the application. Because the launcher GUIfor the user profile does not include graphical elements forapplications that are not associated with the user profile, computingdevice 2 may not initiate execution of an application that is notassociated with the user profile, even if the binary for the applicationis stored at computing device 2 and is associated with another userprofile of computing device 2.

In the example of FIG. 1, GUI 14 is an example launcher GUI for a firstuser profile and GUI 16 is an example launcher GUI for a second userprofile. Because the first and second user profiles may be associatedwith different applications, GUIs 14 and 16 may, as shown in the exampleof FIG. 1, include graphical elements that correspond to differentapplications.

In another example, computing device 2 may present different mediaresources for different user profiles. For example, each user profile ofcomputing device 2 may be associated with a media library. The medialibrary for a user profile may include media resources that areassociated with the user profile and does not include media resourcesthat are not associated with the user profile. Accordingly, computingdevice 2 may not present (e.g., playback, output for display, etc.) amedia resource that is not associated with the user profile, even if thebinary for the media resource is stored at computing device 2 and isassociated with another user profile of computing device 2.

A user of computing device 2 may want to be able to use a binary whilethe currently-active user profile of computing device 2 is the userprofile associated with the user. Accordingly, computing device 2 mayreceive an indication of a user input to install the binary on computingdevice 2. Conventionally, in response to the user input, computingdevice 2 would download the binary from a remote computing system 20 andassociate the binary with the user profile of the user, even if thebinary is already stored at computing device 2 and associated withanother user profile of computing device 2. Thus, there may be twoseparate copies of the binary on computing device 2. This may be a wasteof storage space. Furthermore, it may be a waste of transmissionbandwidth to download the binary. In addition, if the user has to pay todownload the binary and the user profiles of computing device 2 areassociated with different members of the same family, different membersof the family may unnecessarily pay for multiple copies of the binary.

To address these problems, computing device 2 may, in accordance withthe techniques of this disclosure, determine whether the binary isalready stored at computing device 2. In some examples, computing device2 may determine whether the binary is already stored at computing device2 by comparing a hash value of the binary with hash values of binariesstored at computing device 2.

In response to determining that the binary is not already stored atcomputing device 2, computing device 2 may download the binary, storethe binary, and associate the binary with a currently-active userprofile. In response to determining that the binary is already stored atcomputing device 2, computing device 2 may associate the binary with thecurrently-active user profile without downloading the binary again. Inthis way, computing device 2 may only download, store, and use a singlecopy of the binary. For instance, computing device 2 may execute a samecopy of the binary to provide an application, regardless of which userprofile of computing device 2 is the currently-active user profile. Thismay help to conserve storage resources of computing device 2 and mayreduce the amount of data that computing device 2 sends and receives.Furthermore, this may, in some circumstances, help prevent differentmembers of a family from paying for the same binary multiple times.

Hence, in accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, computingdevice 2 may determine that a binary data set is already stored atcomputing device 2, the binary data set not being associated with aparticular user profile of the computing device, the particular userprofile being a currently-active user profile of the computing device.In response to determining that the binary data set is not alreadystored at computing device 2, computing device 2 may download the binarydata set from remote computing system 20. In addition, computing device2 may associate the binary data set with the particular user profile.

Similarly, computing device 2 may receive an indication of user input touninstall a resource, such as an application. In response to theindication of user input, computing device 2 may disassociate theapplication's binary from the currently active user profile.Furthermore, computing device 2 may determine whether the resource'sbinary is associated with any of the user profiles of computing device2. In response to determining that the resource's binary is notassociated with any of the user profiles of computing device 2,computing device 2 may delete the resource's binary. However, if theresource's binary remains associated with one or more user profiles,computing device 2 does not delete the resource's binary. In this way,if the resource's binary is still associated with one or more userprofiles, the resource's binary may remain available for use oncomputing device 2.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates an example configuration ofcomputing device 2, in accordance with one or more aspects of thisdisclosure. For purposes of illustration, the discussion of FIG. 2 andthe following figures includes continued references to FIG. 1. However,the techniques of this disclosure are not so limited. FIG. 2 illustratesonly one particular example of computing device 2, and many otherexample configurations of computing device 2 exist.

As shown in the example of FIG. 2, computing device 2 includes one ormore processors 30, one or more input devices 32, one or morecommunication units 34, one or more output devices 36, one or morestorage devices 38, one or more communication channels 40, and UI device4. Computing device 2 may include many other components. For example,computing device 2 may include physical buttons, microphones, speakers,communication ports, and so on.

Communication channel(s) 40 may interconnect each of the components 30,32, 34, 36, 38, and 4 for inter-component communications (physically,communicatively, and/or operatively). In some examples, communicationchannel(s) 40 may include a system bus, a network connection, aninter-process communication data structure, or any other method forcommunicating data.

One or more storage device(s) 38 within computing device 2 may storeinformation required for use during operation of computing device 2.Storage device(s) 38, in some examples, have the primary purpose ofbeing a short term and not a long-term computer-readable storage medium.Storage device(s) 38 may be volatile memory and may therefore not retainstored contents if powered off. Examples of volatile memories mayinclude random access memories (RAM), dynamic random access memories(DRAM), static random access memories (SRAM), and other forms ofvolatile memories known in the art. Storage device(s) 38 may further beconfigured for long-term storage of information as non-volatile memoryspace and retain information after power on/off cycles. Examples ofnon-volatile memory configurations may include magnetic hard discs,optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electricallyprogrammable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable(EEPROM) memories. In some examples, processor(s) 30 on computing device2 read and may execute instructions stored by storage device(s) 38.

Computing device 2 may include one or more input device(s) 32 thatcomputing device 2 uses to receive user input. Examples of user inputinclude tactile, audio, and video user input. Input device(s) 32 mayinclude presence-sensitive screens, touch-sensitive screens, mice,keyboards, voice responsive systems, video cameras, microphones or othertypes of devices for detecting input from a human or machine.

Communication unit(s) 34 may enable computing device 2 to send data onand receive data from a communications network, such as a local areanetwork or the Internet. In some examples, communication unit(s) 34 mayinclude wireless transmitters and receivers that enable computing device2 to communicate wirelessly with the communications network.

Output device(s) 36 may generate output. Examples of output includetactile, audio, and video output. Output device(s) 36 may includepresence-sensitive screens, sound cards, video graphics adapter cards,speakers, cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors, liquid crystal displays(LCD), or other types of devices for generating output.

Processor(s) 30 may read instructions from storage device(s) 38 and mayexecute instructions stored by storage device(s) 38. Execution of theinstructions by processor(s) 30 may configure or cause computing device2 to provide at least some of the functionality ascribed in thisdisclosure to computing device 2. As shown in the example of FIG. 2,storage device(s) 38 include computer-readable instructions associatedwith operating system 44 and application modules 12A-12N. Furthermore,storage device(s) 38 may store computer-readable instructions associatedwith user management module 10, binaries 50A-50N (collectively,“binaries 50”), user data sets 52A-52N (collectively, “user data sets52”), a profile database 54, computer-readable instructions associatedwith a marketplace module 56, computer-readable instructions associatedwith a launcher module 58, and computer-readable instructions associatedwith a media player module 60.

Execution of instructions associated with operating system 44 may causecomputing device 2 to perform various functions to manage hardwareresources of computing device 2 and to provide various common servicesfor other computer programs. Execution of instructions associated withapplication modules 12 may cause computing device 2 to provide variousapplications (e.g., “apps”).

Operating system 44 may receive indications of user input from inputdevice(s) 32 and/or UI device 4. In response to receiving indications ofuser input, operating system 44 may provide further indications of userinput (e.g., input events) to particular modules, such as usermanagement module 10, application modules 12, marketplace module 56,launcher module 58, media player module 60, and so on. The input eventsmay describe the user inputs received by computing device.

User management module 10 may cause computing device 2 to output, fordisplay at UI device 4 and/or output device(s) 36, a profile-switchingGUI. In some examples, the profile-switching GUI may be a lock screen ofcomputing device 2. The profile-switching GUI may include graphicalelements that correspond to user profiles of computing device 2. Inresponse to receiving an indication of a user input that corresponds toa selection of one of the graphical elements of the profile-switchingGUI and, in some instances, a correct response to a challenge, usermanagement module 10 may switch a currently-active user profile to auser profile that corresponds to the selected graphical element of theprofile-switching GUI.

Execution of marketplace module 56 may cause computing device 2 tooutput, for display at UI device 4 and/or output device(s) 36, amarketplace GUI. The marketplace GUI may include graphical elements thatcorrespond to binaries available to be installed on computing device 2.For example, the binaries may correspond to applications. In otherexamples, the binaries may correspond to recorded songs, recorded videos(e.g., television programs, movies, etc.), electronic magazines,electronic books, and other types of electronic media resources. In someinstances, payment is required to install particular ones of thebinaries at computing device 2. Other ones of the binaries may beinstalled at computing device 2 for free.

In response to receiving an input event that corresponds to a selectionof one of the graphical elements in the marketplace GUI, marketplacemodule 56 may determine, based at least in part on data in profiledatabase 54, whether a binary associated with the selected graphicalelement is currently stored at computing device 2. For ease ofexplanation, this disclosure may refer to the binary associated with theselected graphical element as the “relevant binary.”

In response to determining that the relevant binary is not stored atcomputing device 2, marketplace module 56 may cause computing device 2to request the relevant binary from a computing system (e.g., remotecomputing system 20 of FIG. 1) other than computing device 2 and mayreceive the relevant binary from the computing system. In other words,marketplace module 56 may download the relevant binary from thecomputing system. In some examples, marketplace module 56 may downloadthe relevant binary from an online marketplace provided by the remotecomputing system. In addition, marketplace module 56 may cause storagedevice(s) 38 to store the relevant binary.

Furthermore, in some examples, marketplace module 56 may cause computingdevice 2 to install the relevant binary. In some examples, the relevantbinary may comprise instructions for causing computing device 2 toprovide an application. In other words, the relevant binary maycorrespond to an application. In such examples, installing the relevantbinary may include executing instructions in the relevant binary toconfigure computing device 2 to be able to provide the application. Inother examples, computing device 2 may use the relevant binary topresent a media resource. In other words, the relevant binary maycorrespond to a media resource. In some examples where the relevantbinary corresponds to a media resource, installing the relevant binarymay involve configuring a media library to include the media resource.

Regardless of whether the relevant binary is already associated withanother user profile of computing device 2, marketplace module 56 mayassociate the relevant binary with the currently-active user profile. Invarious examples, marketplace module 56 may associate the relevantbinary with the currently-active user profile in various ways. Forinstance, in the example of FIG. 2, profile database 54 may include datathat indicate which user profiles are associated with binaries 50. Thus,in the example of FIG. 2, marketplace module 56 may modify profiledatabase 54 such that profile database 54 indicates that the relevantbinary is associated with the currently-active user profile.

Launcher module 58 may output, for display at UI device 4 and/or outputdevice(s) 36, launcher GUIs for user profiles of computing device 2. Thelauncher GUI for a user profile may include a plurality of graphicalelements that correspond to applications associated with the userprofile. The graphical elements may include icons, information widgets,and so on. In response to indications of user inputs that correspond toselections of graphical elements in the launcher GUI, launcher module 58may cause computing device 2 to initiate execution of (i.e., launch)ones of application modules 12 that correspond to the selected graphicalelements.

As indicated above, a binary may include instructions that causecomputing device 2 to provide an application. Prior to marketplacemodule 56 associating a binary with a user profile, the graphicalelements of the launcher GUI for the user profile may not include agraphical element that corresponds to the application. However, aftermarketplace module 56 associates the binary with the user profile, thegraphical elements of the launcher GUI for the user profile may includethe graphical element that corresponds to the application.

After marketplace module 56 associates the relevant binary with a userprofile, user management module 10 may switch the currently-active userprofile from being a first user profile to being a second user profile.The first user profile may be associated with a particular binary thatcorresponds to a particular application, but the second user profile maynot be associated with the particular binary. Accordingly, launchermodule 58 may cause computing device 2 to output, for display at UIdevice 4 and/or output device(s) 36 and while the second user profile isthe currently-active user profile, a launcher GUI for the second userprofile. The launcher GUI for the second user profile may include aplurality of graphical elements that correspond to applications whosecorresponding binaries are associated with the second user profile.Because the first and second user profiles may be associated withdifferent binaries, the plurality of graphical elements in the launcherGUIs for the first and second user profiles may be different.Furthermore, because the second user profile is not associated with theparticular binary, the launcher GUI for the second user profile may notinclude a graphical element that corresponds to the particularapplication.

Application modules 12 may generate user data sets 52. User data sets 52may be segregated by user profile. Thus, an application moduleassociated with multiple user profiles may generate separate user datasets for different ones of the user profiles associated with theapplication. In some examples, the application only accesses the userdata set associated with the currently-active user profile.

For example, the application may be a word processor application and theuser data set for a particular user profile may include a set of wordprocessor documents. In this example, the application may generate,modify, or delete word processor documents in the user data set for theparticular user profile when the particular user profile is thecurrently-active user profile. Furthermore, in this example, the wordprocessor application may only display word processor documents that arein the user data set for the particular user profile when the particularuser profile is the currently-active user profile. In this way, the wordprocessor application does not enable a user to see word processordocuments associated with user profiles that are not thecurrently-active user profile. In another example, user data sets 52 mayinclude inter-personal messages for different users.

As indicated above, binaries 50 may correspond to media resources. If aparticular user profile is the currently-active user profile, mediaplayer module 60 may cause computing device 2 to present media resourcesassociated with the particular user profile. Presenting an audioresource or a video resource may involve playing back the audio or videoresource. Presenting an electronic magazine or book may involveoutputting, for display at UI device 4 and/or output device 36, pages ofthe electronic magazine or book. Because multiple user profiles ofcomputing device 2 may be associated with the same binary, computingdevice 2 may use a same copy of the binary to present a media resource,regardless of which of the user profiles associated with the binary isthe currently-active user profile.

Although FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, described below, are described withreference to a marketplace for binaries, the techniques of thisdisclosure may be applicable in situations that do not involve a formalonline marketplace for binaries. For example, computing device 2 may, inresponse to receiving a user input that corresponds to a user selectionof a link to a binary, determine whether computing device 2 alreadystores the binary, selectively download the binary, and associate thebinary with the currently-active user profile. Furthermore, in someexamples, computing device 2 may, without first receiving an indicationof user input, determine whether computing device 2 already stores abinary, selectively download the binary, and associate the binary withthe currently-active user profile. For example, computing device 2 may,as part of executing a program, determine whether computing device 2already stores a binary, selectively download the binary, and associatethe binary with the currently-active user profile.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation 100 of computingdevice 2 for acquiring a binary, in accordance with one or more aspectsof this disclosure. FIG. 3 is described with continuing reference toFIG. 2. However, the operation of FIG. 3 is not so limited.

In the example of FIG. 3, marketplace module 56 may cause computingdevice 2 to output, for display at UI device 4 and/or output devices 36,a marketplace GUI (102). The marketplace GUI may include graphicalelements that correspond to binaries that are available to be installedat computing device 2. For example, the marketplace GUI may includeimages, such as album cover art or artist pictures, that correspond torecorded music that is available to be installed at computing device 2.

Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 3, marketplace module 56 may receivean indication of a user input that corresponds to a user selection of aparticular binary for installation at computing device 2 (104). Forexample, the user input may correspond to a selection of a graphicalelement in the marketplace GUI that corresponds to the particularbinary.

In response to receiving the indication of the user input, marketplacemodule 56 may determine whether the particular binary is already storedat computing device 2 (106). In response to determining that theparticular binary is not already stored at computing device 2 (“NO”branch of 106), marketplace module 56 may download the particular binaryfrom a computing system other than computing device 2 (e.g., remotecomputing system 20) (108). In addition, marketplace module 56 mayinstall the particular binary at computing device 2 (110). In exampleswhere the particular binary corresponds to an application, installingthe particular binary may involve configuring computing device 2 toprovide the application. In examples where the particular binarycorresponds to a media resource, installing the particular binary mayinvolve adding the media resource to a media library. Furthermore,marketplace module 56 may associate the particular binary with thecurrently-active user profile (112). For example, if a particular userprofile is the currently-active user profile, marketplace module 56 mayassociate the particular binary with the currently-active user profile.

On the other hand, in response to determining that the particular binaryis already stored at computing device 2 (“YES” branch of 106),marketplace module 56 may associate the particular binary with thecurrently-active user profile (112). Thus, if the particular binary isalready stored at computing device 2, marketplace module 56 may notdownload or install the particular binary again.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart that illustrates an example operation 130 ofcomputing device 2 for launching an application, in accordance with oneor more aspects of this disclosure. FIG. 4 is described with continuingreference to FIG. 2. However, the operation of FIG. 4 is not so limited.

In the example of FIG. 4, launcher module 58 may receive an indicationof a user input (132). In response to receiving the indication of theuser input, launcher module 58 may determine which applicationsinstalled at computing device 2 are associated with the currently-activeuser profile (134). In some examples, launcher module 58 may determine,based on data in profile database 54, which applications installed atcomputing device 2 are associated with the currently-active userprofile.

In addition, launcher module 58 may output, for display at UI device 4and/or output device(s) 36, a launcher GUI (136). The launcher GUI mayinclude graphical elements that correspond to at least some of theapplications that are associated with the currently-active user profile.The launcher GUI does not, in typical examples, include graphicalelements that correspond to applications that are installed at computingdevice 2 but are not associated with the currently-active user profile.

Subsequently, while the launcher GUI is displayed, launcher module 58may receive an indication of a user input that corresponds to a userselection of a graphical element in the launcher GUI (138). In responseto receiving the indication of the user input that corresponds to a userselection of the graphical element in the launcher GUI, launcher module58 may launch an application that corresponds to the selected graphicalelement (140).

FIG. 5 is a flowchart that illustrates an example operation 150 ofcomputing device 2, in accordance with one or more aspects of thisdisclosure. In the example of FIG. 5, computing device 2 may determinethat a binary data set is already stored at computing device 2 (152). Inthe example of FIG. 5, the binary data set is not associated with aparticular user profile of the computing device, the particular userprofile being a currently-active user profile of the computing device.In response to determining that the binary data set is not alreadystored at computing device 2, computing device 2 may download the binarydata set from a computing system other than computing device 2 (154). Inaddition, computing device 2 may associate the binary data set with theparticular user profile (156).

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example operation 200 of computingdevice 2, in accordance with one or more aspects of this disclosure. Inthe example of FIG. 6, computing device 2 may receive an indication of auser input to uninstall an application from computing device 2 (202). Inresponse to the indication of the user input, computing device 2 maydisassociate a binary data set associated with the application from thecurrently active user profile (204). For example, computing device 2 maymaintain data that indicate binary data sets that are associated withrespective user profiles. In this example, computing device 2 may modifythis data to no longer indicate that the application's binary data setis associated with the currently active user profile.

Furthermore, in response to the indication of the user input, computingdevice 2 may determine whether the application's binary data set isassociated with any user profiles of computing device 2 (206). Inresponse to determining that the application's binary data set is notassociated with any user profiles of computing device 2 (“NO” of 206),computing device 2 may delete, from computing device 2, theapplication's binary data set (208). On the other hand, if theapplication's binary data set is still associated with one or more userprofiles of computing device 2 (“YES” of 206), operation 200 may endwithout computing device 2 deleting the application's binary data set.In this way, the application's binary data set may remain stored atcomputing device 2 until no user profiles are associated with theapplication. Although the discussion of FIG. 6 describes theuninstallation of an application, FIG. 6 may be applicable to othertypes of resources, such as media resources, instead of applications.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device 300that outputs data for display at one or more remote devices, inaccordance with one or more techniques of the present disclosure. Theone or more remote devices may display graphical content based on thedata output by computing device 300. In general, graphical content mayinclude any visual information that may be output for display, such astext, images, a group of moving images, etc. In some examples, computingdevice 300 may output data, such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)data, that a remote device may render to generate graphical contentdisplayed by the remote device. In other examples, computing device 300may output digital or analog signals that a remote device may use togenerate graphical content displayed by the remote device.

In the example of FIG. 7, computing device 300 is operatively coupled toa presence-sensitive display 302 and a communication unit 304.Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 7, the one or more remote devicesinclude a projector 306, a projection screen 308, a mobile device 310,and a visual display device 312. Computing device 300 may include and/orbe operatively coupled to one or more other devices, e.g., inputdevices, output devices, memory, storage devices, etc. that are notshown in FIG. 3 for purposes of brevity and illustration.

Computing device 300 may be a processor that has the functionalitydescribed above with respect to processor(s) 30 (FIG. 2). For instance,computing device 300 may be a microprocessor, ASIC, or another type ofintegrated circuit configured to implement the techniques of thisdisclosure. In other examples, such as those illustrated in FIGS. 1 and2, computing device 300 may be a stand-alone computing device thatincludes or is operatively coupled to a presence-sensitive display. Insuch examples, computing device 300 may be a desktop computer, a tabletcomputer, a smart television platform, a camera, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a server device, a mainframe computer, a telephone, aportable gaming device, a personal media player, a remote controldevice, a wearable computing device, or another type of computingdevice. In this disclosure, a first device may be said to be operativelycoupled to a second device if the operations of the first and seconddevices are coupled in some way.

Computing device 300 may communicate with presence-sensitive display 102via a communication channel 314A. Computing device 300 may communicatewith communication unit 304 via a communication channel 314B.Communication channels 302A, 302B may each include a system bus oranother suitable connection. Although the example of FIG. 7 showscomputing device 300, presence-sensitive display 302, and communicationunit 304 as being separate, computing device 300, presence-sensitivedisplay 302, and/or communication unit 304 may be integrated into asingle device.

In the example of FIG. 7, presence-sensitive display 302 includes adisplay device 316 and a presence-sensitive input device 318. Displaydevice 316 may display graphical content based on data received fromcomputing device 300. Presence-sensitive input device 318 may determineone or more user inputs (e.g., continuous gestures, multi-touchgestures, single-touch gestures, etc.). Presence-sensitive input device318 may use capacitive, inductive, and/or optical recognition techniquesto determine the user inputs. Presence-sensitive display 302 may sendindications of such user inputs to computing device 300 viacommunication channel 314A or another communication channel. In someexamples, presence-sensitive input device 318 is physically positionedrelative to display device 316 such that presence-sensitive input device318 is able to detect the presence of an input object (e.g., a finger ora stylus) at a location on display device 316 that displays a graphicalelement when a user positions the input object at the location ondisplay device 316 that displays the graphical element

Communication unit 304 may have the functionality of communicationunit(s) 34. This disclosure describes the functionality of communicationunit(s) 34 with regard to FIG. 2. Examples of communication unit 304 mayinclude network interface cards, Ethernet cards, optical transceivers,radio frequency transceivers, Bluetooth, 3G, and WiFi radios, UniversalSerial Bus (USB) interfaces, or other types of devices that are able tosend and receive data. When computing device 300 outputs data fordisplay at the one or more remote devices (such as projector 306,projection screen 308, mobile device 310, and visual display device312), computing device 300 may output the data to a communication unitof computing device 300, such as communication unit 304. Communicationunit 304 may send the data to one or more of the remote devices. The oneor more remote devices may display graphical content based at least inpart on the data.

Communication unit 304 may send and receive data using variouscommunication techniques. In the example of FIG. 7, a network link 320Aoperatively couples communication unit 304 to an external network 322.Network links 320B, 320C, and 320D may operatively couple each of theremote devices to external network 322. External network 322 may includenetwork hubs, network switches, network routers, or other types ofdevices that exchange information between computing device 300 and theremote devices illustrated in FIG. 7. In some examples, network links320A-320D may be Ethernet, ATM or other wired and/or wireless networkconnections.

In some examples, communication unit 304 may use direct devicecommunication 322 to communicate with one or more of the remote devicesincluded in FIG. 7. Direct device communication 322 may includecommunications through which computing device 300 sends and receivesdata directly with a remote device, using wired or wirelesscommunication. That is, in some examples of direct device communication322, data sent by computing device 300 may not be forwarded by one ormore additional devices before being received at the remote device, andvice-versa. Examples of direct device communication 322 may includeBluetooth, Near-Field Communication, Universal Serial Bus, WiFi,infrared, etc. One or more of the remote devices illustrated in FIG. 7may be operatively coupled with communication unit 304 by communicationlinks 324A-324D. In some examples, communication links 324A-324D may beconnections using Bluetooth, Near-Field Communication, Universal SerialBus, infrared, etc. Such connections may be wireless and/or wiredconnections.

In the example of FIG. 7, projector 306 receives data from computingdevice 300. Projector 306 may project graphical content based on thedata onto projection screen 308. The example of FIG. 7 shows projector306 as a tabletop projector and shows projection screen 308 as afreestanding screen. In other examples, computing device 300 may outputdata for display at other types of projection devices, such aselectronic whiteboards, holographic display devices, and other suitabledevices for displaying graphical content.

In some examples, projector 306 may determine one or more user inputs(e.g., continuous gestures, multi-touch gestures, single-touch gestures,etc.) at projection screen 308 and send indications of such user inputto computing device 300. In such examples, projector 306 may use opticalrecognition or other suitable techniques to determine the user input.Projection screen 308 (e.g., an electronic whiteboard) may displaygraphical content based on data received from computing device 300.

Mobile device 310 and visual display device 312 may each have computingand connectivity capabilities and may each receive data that computingdevice 300 output for display. Examples of mobile device 310 may includee-reader devices, convertible notebook devices, hybrid slate devices,etc. Examples of visual display device 312 may include televisions,computer monitors, etc. As shown in FIG. 7, projection screen 308 mayinclude a presence-sensitive display 326, mobile device 310 may includea presence-sensitive display 328, and visual display device 312 mayinclude a presence-sensitive display 330. Presence-sensitive displays326, 328, 330 may have some or all of the functionality described inthis disclosure for UI device 4. In some examples, presence-sensitivedisplays 326, 328, 330 may include functionality in addition to thefunctionality of UI device 4. Presence-sensitive displays 326, 328, 330may receive data from computing device 300 and may display graphicalcontent based on the data. In some examples, presence-sensitive displays326, 328, 330 may determine one or more user inputs (e.g., continuousgestures, multi-touch gestures, single-touch gestures, etc.) and sendindications of such user input to computing device 300.Presence-sensitive displays 326, 328, and/or 330 may use capacitive,inductive, optical recognition techniques and/or other techniques todetermine the user input.

In some examples, computing device 300 does not output data for displayat presence-sensitive display 302. In other examples, computing device300 may output data for display such that both presence-sensitivedisplay 302 and the one or more remote devices display the samegraphical content. In such examples, each respective device may displaythe same graphical content substantially contemporaneously. In suchexamples, the respective devices may display the graphical content atdifferent times due to communication latency. In other examples,computing device 300 may output data for display such thatpresence-sensitive display 302 and the one or more remote devicesdisplay different graphical content.

In the example of FIG. 7, computing device 300 may determine whether abinary data set is already stored at the computing device, where thebinary data set is not associated with a particular user profile of thecomputing device and the particular user profile being acurrently-active user profile of the computing device. Furthermore, inresponse to determining that the binary data set is not already storedat computing device 300, computing device 300 may download the binarydata set from a remote computing system and associate the binary dataset with the particular user profile. Furthermore, computing device 300may associate, in response to determining that the binary data set isalready stored at the computing device, the binary data set with thefirst user profile without downloading the binary data set.

In one or more examples, the functions described may be implemented inhardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implementedin software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over, as oneor more instructions or code, a computer-readable medium and executed bya hardware-based processing unit. Computer-readable media may includecomputer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible mediumsuch as data storage media, or communication media including any mediumthat facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place toanother, e.g., according to a communication protocol. In this manner,computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangiblecomputer-readable storage media which is non-transitory or (2) acommunication medium such as a signal or carrier wave. Data storagemedia may be any available media that can be accessed by one or morecomputers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, codeand/or data structures for implementation of the techniques described inthis disclosure. A computer program product may include acomputer-readable medium.

By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable storagemedia can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical diskstorage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, flashmemory, or any other medium that can be used to store desired programcode in the form of instructions or data structures and that can beaccessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed acomputer-readable medium. For example, if instructions are transmittedfrom a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable,fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), orwireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then thecoaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wirelesstechnologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in thedefinition of medium. It should be understood, however, thatcomputer-readable storage media and data storage media do not includeconnections, carrier waves, signals, or other transient media, but areinstead directed to non-transient, tangible storage media. Disk anddisc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, opticaldisc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, wheredisks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce dataoptically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be includedwithin the scope of computer-readable media.

Instructions may be executed by one or more processors, such as one ormore digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors,application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmablelogic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logiccircuitry. Accordingly, the term “processor,” as used herein may referto any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable forimplementation of the techniques described herein. In addition, in someaspects, the functionality described herein may be provided withindedicated hardware and/or software modules. Also, the techniques couldbe fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements.

The techniques of this disclosure may be implemented in a wide varietyof devices or apparatuses, including a wireless handset, an integratedcircuit (IC) or a set of ICs (e.g., a chip set). Various components,modules, or units are described in this disclosure to emphasizefunctional aspects of devices configured to perform the disclosedtechniques, but do not necessarily require realization by differenthardware units. Rather, as described above, various units may becombined in a hardware unit or provided by a collection ofinteroperative hardware units, including one or more processors asdescribed above, in conjunction with suitable software and/or firmware.

Various examples have been described. These and other examples arewithin the scope of the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: while a particularuser profile is a currently-active profile of a computing device that isconfigured with a plurality of user profiles: determining, by thecomputing device, whether a binary data set that is associated with anapplication and that is not associated with the particular user profileis already stored at the computing device; responsive to determiningthat the binary data set is not already stored at the computing device:downloading, by the computing device, the binary data set from acomputing system other than the computing device; and associating, bythe computing device, the binary data set with the particular userprofile; responsive to determining that the binary data set is alreadystored at the computing device, associating the binary data set with theparticular user profile without downloading the binary data set; andresponsive to receiving an indication of user input to uninstall theapplication: disassociating, by the computing device, the binary dataset from the particular user profile; determining, by the computingdevice, whether the binary data set is associated with any of theplurality of user profiles; and responsive to determining that thebinary data set is not associated with any of the plurality of userprofiles, automatically deleting, by the computing device, from thecomputing device, the binary data set.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe indication of the user input is an indication of a first user input,the method further comprising: receiving, by the computing device, anindication of a second user input, wherein determining whether thebinary data set is already stored at the computing device is in responseto receiving the indication of the second user input.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the particular user profile is a first user profile andprior to associating the binary data set with the particular userprofile, the binary data set is already associated with a second userprofile in the plurality of user profiles.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein downloading the binary data set from the computing systemcomprises downloading, by the computing device, the binary data set froman online marketplace provided by the computing system.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein associating the binary data set with the particularuser profile comprises modifying, by the computing device, a databasesuch that the database indicates that the binary data set is associatedwith the particular user profile.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising executing, by the computing device, instructions in thebinary data set, wherein execution of the instructions in the binarydata set configures the computing device to provide the application. 7.The method of claim 6, further comprising responsive to determining thatthe binary data set is not already stored at the computing device:storing, by the computing device, the binary data set; and configuring,by the computing device, the application for use at the computingdevice.
 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising outputting, by thecomputing device, for display, and while the particular user profile isthe currently-active user profile, a user interface that includes aplurality of graphical elements that correspond to applicationsassociated with the particular user profile, wherein prior toassociating the binary data set with the particular user profile, theplurality of graphical elements did not include a graphical element thatcorresponds to the application and after associating the binary data setwith the particular user profile, the plurality of graphical elementsinclude the graphical element that corresponds to the application. 9.The method of claim 8, wherein the user interface is a first userinterface, the plurality of graphical elements is a first plurality ofgraphical elements, and the method further comprises: switching, by thecomputing device, the currently-active user profile from being theparticular user profile to being a second user profile, the second userprofile not being associated with the binary data set; and outputting,by the computing device, for display, and while the second user profileis the currently-active user profile, a second user interface, thesecond user interface including a second plurality of graphical elementsthat correspond to applications whose binaries are associated with thesecond user profile, the second plurality of graphical elements notincluding the graphical element that corresponds to the application. 10.The method of claim 6, wherein the computing device executes a same copyof the binary data set to provide the application, regardless of whichuser profile of the computing device is the currently-active userprofile.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising generating, bythe computing device and for each user profile of the computing deviceassociated with the binary data set, separate user data sets associatedwith the application.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least oneuser data set of the separate user data sets associated with theapplication comprises inter-personal messages.
 13. The method of claim7, wherein: the method further comprises: outputting, by the computingdevice and for display, a user interface comprising a plurality ofgraphical elements that correspond to applications available forinstallation on the computing device; and receiving, by the computingdevice, an indication of a user selection of a graphical element fromthe plurality of graphical elements that corresponds to the application;and determining whether the binary data set is already stored at thecomputing device comprises responsive to receiving the indication of theuser selection of the graphical element, determining, by the computingdevice, whether the binary data set is already stored at the computingdevice.
 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising, using, by thecomputing device, the binary data set to present a media resource. 15.The method of claim 14, wherein the media resource comprises a recordedsong, a recorded video, an electronic magazine, or an electronic book.16. The method of claim 14, wherein the computing device uses a samecopy of the binary data set to present the media resource, regardless ofwhich user profile of the device is the currently-active user profile.17. A computing device that is configured with a plurality of userprofiles, the computing device comprising one or more processorsconfigured such that, while a particular user profile is acurrently-active profile of the computing device, the one or moreprocessors: determine whether a binary data set that is associated withan application and that is not associated with the particular userprofile is already stored at the computing device, responsive todetermining that the binary data set is not already stored at thecomputing device: download the binary data set from a computing systemother than the computing device; and associate the binary data set withthe particular user profile; responsive to determining that the binarydata set is already stored at the computing device, associate the binarydata set with the particular user profile without downloading the binarydata set; and responsive to receiving an indication of user input touninstall the application: disassociate the binary data set from theparticular user profile; determine whether the binary data set isassociated with any of the plurality of user profiles; and responsive todetermining that the binary data set is not associated with any of theplurality of user profiles, automatically delete, from the computingdevice, the binary data set.
 18. The computing device of claim 17,wherein the one or more processors are further configured to executeinstructions in the binary data set, wherein execution of theinstructions in the binary data set causes the computing device toprovide the application.
 19. The computing device of claim 18, whereinthe one or more processors are further configured to output, fordisplay, and while the particular user profile is the currently-activeuser profile of the computing device, a user interface that includes aplurality of graphical elements that correspond to applicationsassociated with the particular user profile, and wherein prior toassociating the binary data set with the particular user profile, theplurality of graphical elements did not include a graphical element thatcorresponds to the application and after associating the binary data setwith the particular user profile, the plurality of graphical elementsinclude the graphical element that corresponds to the application.
 20. Acomputer-readable storage medium that stores instructions that, whenexecuted by one or more processors of a computing device that isconfigured with a plurality of user profiles, cause the computing deviceto: while a particular user profile is a currently-active profile of acomputing device that is configured with a plurality of user profiles:responsive to receiving an indication of a user input, determine whethera binary data set that is associated with an application and that is notassociated with the particular user profile is already stored at thecomputing device, responsive to determining that the binary data set isnot already stored at the computing device: download the binary data setfrom a computing system other than the computing device; and associatethe binary data set with the particular user profile; responsive todetermining that the binary data set is already stored at the computingdevice, associate the binary data set with the particular user profilewithout downloading the binary data set; and responsive to receiving anindication of user input to uninstall the application: disassociate thebinary data set from the particular user profile; determine whether thebinary data set is associated with any of the plurality of userprofiles; and responsive determining that the binary data set is notassociated with any of the plurality of user profiles, automaticallydelete, from the computing device, the binary data set.